Topic: Behavioral Problems, Parenting
Target Population: Parents
Sector: Community-Based
This program is delivered to parents of children who are 2 to 8 years old and is intended to impact parents and children.
Chicago Parent Program (CPP), a community-based, parent-training program, is designed to prevent or minimize children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors by helping parents strengthen their parenting skills and feelings of competence and learn to use constructive disciplinary practices.
Two internal, quasi-experimental evaluations of the program using self-report and observational measures have been conducted. Collectively, these studies demonstrate positive program effects, for parental reports of self-efficacy, discipline, and child problem-behavior intensity, that lasted through the 1-year follow-up. The results of one study suggest that attendance impacts these outcomes, and participants who attended six or more sessions reported the greatest improvement. Results of the observational data are less clear. One study reported pre-post improvements in parental use of praise and child problem behavior but reported no effect on parental use of commands. The other study reported improvements in child problem behavior and parental use of commands that lasted through the 1-year follow-up, but there was no effect on praise. The samples for both studies consisted of African American and Latino parents who were predominately female; thus, the results cannot be generalized beyond that population.
The CPP curriculum focuses on parent-child relationships, discipline strategies, stress management, and problem-solving techniques. Sessions are delivered to groups of 10 to 15 parents, and topics covered include the following:
A booster session is offered in which parents have the opportunity to discuss how they are doing without the support of the group.
In all sessions, participants learn parenting strategies through the use of video vignettes, group discussion and problem-solving, role-play, group activities, handouts, and skill-building homework assignments.
Since 2002, this program has been implemented in over 50 locations in the United States and Canada.
This program is delivered by two trained facilitators who have at least a high school diploma (e.g., case managers, counselors, mental health clinicians, family service workers). Training is available as a 2-day, in-person training or as four half-day virtual sessions. For more information about training, please visit www.chicagoparentprogram.org/cpp-materials-and-services/training-and-services
Considerations for implementing CPP include recruiting and training facilitators, acquiring participant buy-in, finding space to hold program sessions, obtaining equipment needed to watch videos, ensuring program sessions are delivered with fidelity, and providing child care and snacks/meals during sessions.
The Clearinghouse can help address these considerations. Please call 1-877-382-9185 or email Clearinghouse@psu.edu
If you are interested in implementing CPP, the Clearinghouse is interested in helping you!
Please call 1-877-382-9185 or email Clearinghouse@psu.edu
CPP consists of 11-weekly, 2-hour sessions followed by a 12th booster session that is delivered 4 to 8 weeks after session 11.
The CPP videos cost $875; the Group Leader Manual costs $125; the Implementation Guide costs $25; session handouts cost $20 per packet. Please visit https://www.chicagoparentprogram.org/cpp-materials-and-services/purchase-materials for more information on materials and costs.
To move CPP to the Effective category on the Clearinghouse Continuum of Evidence at least one external evaluation must be conducted that demonstrates sustained, positive outcomes. This study must be conducted independently of the program developer.
The Clearinghouse can help you develop an evaluation plan to ensure the program components are meeting your goals. Please call 1-877-382-9185 or email Clearinghouse@psu.edu
Contact the Clearinghouse with any questions regarding this program.
Phone: 1-877-382-9185 Email: Clearinghouse@psu.edu
You may also contact Chicago Parent Program by mail Rush University College of Nursing, 600 South Paulina, Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, email CCPinfo@chicagoparentprogram.org, or visit https://www.chicagoparentprogram.org/
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Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D., Fogg, L., Ridge, A., Garvey, C., Julion, W., & Tucker, S. (2012). The Chicago Parent Program: Comparing 1-year outcomes for African American and Latino parents of young children. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(5), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21489
Gross, D., Belcher, H. M. E., Budhathoki, C., Ofonedu, M. E., Dutrow, D., Uveges, M. K., & Slade, E. (2019). Reducing preschool behavior problems in an urban mental health clinic: A pragmatic, non-inferiority trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(6), 572-581.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.08.013
Gross, D., Garvey, C., Julion, W., Fogg, L., Tucker, S., & Mokros, H. (2009). Efficacy of the Chicago Parent Program with low-income African American and Latino parents of young children. Prevention Science, 10(1), 54-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0116-7
Gross, D., Belcher, H. M. E., Budhathoki, C., Ofonedu, M. E., & Uveges, M. K. (2018). Does parent training format affect treatment engagement? A randomized study of families at social risk. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(5), 1579-1593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0984-1
Gross, D., & Bettencourt, A. F. (2019). Financial incentives for promoting participation in a school-based parenting program in low-income communities. Prevention Science, 20(4), 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-0977-y
Plesko, C. M., Tobin, K., & Gross, D. (2023). Understanding the role of parents' social connectedness in children's behavioral wellbeing in low‐income communities: A study protocol. Research in Nursing & Health, 46(1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22281